Psychological Analysis of Terrorism and Terrorists

psychological Analysis of Terrorism and TerroristsBakhta order of war MushtaqueZAHRA BARKATTerrorism in Pakistan why people argon involved in terrorist activities a psychological onsetEin truth unrivaled worried almost stopping terrorism, well in that location is really an effortless focusing stop participating in it., (Noam Chomsky). A person scarifies his liveliness to claim a few more lives, is an extreme sorrowful mooring of terror act. Terrorists ar the iodins who cause terrorism. It is non very simple to draw terrorism but literature says terrorism is an unlawful act, mass strength directed particularly at civilians, resulting in widespread fear. much(prenominal) force out is often motivated by affable, ghostly, or psychological ideals and intended to get societal and national changes, (Taylor and Fancies 2014).I am interested in this root because I want to know the reasons which contact on the psyche of somebody that insists people to opt for terrorist acti vities. Else, the relation between the causes of terrorist acts with psychological construction. The most importantly, I want to structure some strategies through which we can overcome this situation.The institutionalize to ponder is what thing had much(prenominal) an impact on ones psychological science that persuaded him to be completely hypnotized in a way that he does not think even once before insideng that? This is a fundamental question that revolves in our approximations whenever we hear any news rough much(prenominal) activities. Terrorism is recorded as a major hysteria in Pakistan in recent years. According to (Taylor and Francis 2014), There were 13,721 incidents in Pakistan from 2001 to 2013. From 2001 to 2005, in that location down been 523 terrorist incidents in Pakistan but from 2007 to November 2013, the total number of incidents has go up to 13,198. Pakistan is two an ally in the war on terror, and in some sense, a battleground in the war on terror.(Steph en Hadley) With the feeling of disappointment we put one over encountered a very high rate of terrorism in Pakistan. The number of terror acts (suicide bombings) between 2001 and 2007 stood at 15 only, but from 2007 to 2013, Pakistan jumped to 1,404 terrorist attacks. It is intentionally increasing day by day and the data shows the highest rate anywhere in the world.Terrorism have three principal(prenominal) perspective such as macro sociological, psycho kindly and psychological. In this paper we will discuss ternary climb which has been a major problem in Pakistan recent years. This approach mainly entangle the checking of spectral extremism and wrong social formulas which impact on privates psyche. There atomic number 18 many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) social problems but we will focus on few of them including indigence, illiteracy, injustice and unemployment. These argon highly prevalent in Pakistan developing a disease of make psychological errors between right and wrong and encourages a feeling of green-eyed monster and ignorance. . Identifying the causes would be a major help in providing the remedies for these thrown-away(prenominal) acts.What ISLAM teaches us about peace and humanity?The religion of Islam advocates peace and mutual conformity and admonishes hostility. Dont aggress GOD dis identicals the aggressors. (Quran 587)One of the main themes elaborated in Quran is peace, unless there is injustice that cannot be headstrong by all the peaceful means available. According to Tellis 2014, Peace have direct link with psychological construction, if there will be no peace around, effect will be the astounding violent activities which in the long run leads psychological disturbances alike anxiety and depression.. Violent behaviors may be terrorism, marker killing and so on. In reality, love and compassion is the real counterpoison for every act of terrorism.religious causesA famous analyst Richardson proposed behavioral model in 2011 he states that In operant conditioning we geminate the behavior when we get positive reinforcement. With this concept the religiously defined riposte in eternal spiritedness and military outcome of the suicide bombings could be some factors positively reinforcing the behavior. The conspiracy by some of our ancestors kindle a fake concept of allowance in religion to practice such extreme activities has resulted to mass destruction in todays world. These practices have lived their lives for many years and passed to every generation. The true image of Islam is in any case breached and presented as a religion of extremists. A feel of hatred has risen in the world against Islam and the Pakistanis. This has resulted to seek for revenge and vengeance against the world in ones psychology. According to Yousafzai 2007 One of the motive in religiously motivated terrorist is revenge and it paired with the sense of altruism as many of them always had relative who has been killed or a bused in the holy war. Violence has strong religious endorsement and approval in Pakistan. In one of the psychoanalytical conjecture of violence namely drive theory it is written that to understand the cause of terror act, it is necessary to know about the frustration_agression fold. This fold is complex due to psychological disturbances like rage and banklessness. through and through the religious teachings this fold get stronger by scholars and they think that there is no other way to get success in religion. (Bajoria 2011) Teachings of these practices be restrained carried out in country aras and argonas where lack of sense and knowledge is found. These practices argon usually conducted in the local religious schools and involve developing psychology in a student to charge against those who neglect or implore in any law they imply. One research conducted in 2010 by Patric Hadin proved that in Pakistan 70% of terrorists are being prepared in schools. He states that It is v ery easy to set the mind (brain wash) of school going away students and build their psychology according to once own desire. In one of the Pakistani drama KHUDA ZAMEEN SE GAYA NAHI I saw that boylikesters were taught by the scholars that this is JAHAD and this is the capitulate on the name of GOD. In Pakistan, religious factor have a great support of MEDIA which are making changes in psychology of youngsters because they are more towards media. One of the case study was conducted in Pakistan where it has been observed that autarkic media played a role in spreading these acts in Pakistan. topic shows one institution where the teachings was conducted and influenced the suicide bombers through mass media. Result shows that 80% Pakistanis were grabbed through this strategy. (Sarhandi 2011) These heinous acts create a fear and derangement in the society and mostly people surrender. The feel of this power changes to extremism leads psychological disorder which mainly include aggressi on. In addition, their minds are modified and are persuaded in a way that encourages these activities, so called JIHAD, will grant them a fruitful reward in their Hereafter. To explain the religion terrorism at bottom a psychodynamic frame domesticate, we need to focused on the trait of NARCISSIM which produce a sense of self damage. Terrorists intellectual will show the hifalutin view inside the GOD. (Randy Borum 2004) This view will make him a victim. Moreover, The mind setting (brain wash) is the common finding among the majority of the terrorist in Pakistan. In one of the swat operation against terrorism in Pakistan in 2009, many of the adolescents who were to be FUTURE SUCIDE BOMBERs in Pakistan were psychologically educated. Before inducting them in the community for such activities, they prepared them wholly in almost 6 weeks and they do work to change their psychology through different stages in Madrassa. This religious warmth for the love of martyrdom and its reward is a major cause of the terrorist attacks like suicide bombings in Pakistan.Social issuesFor a common man, our social environment is full of injustice, illiteracy, insecurity, poverty and unemployment. Till today, these issues are at peak in Pakistan which also insists people to opt for activities like terrorism. This is also known as emotional terrorism because terrorist think of their children and families emotionally. They think to give them quality of life by providing money to them and they dont think about thousands of exculpated lives victimized due to their act. This seems to be all due to unemployment and poverty. Taylor and Francis 2014 states that this act of thought process end up the people in psychological problems which mainly include depression and anxiety. A study conducted on 1,031 terrorist incidents in the northwestern state of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa found that 80% of the perpetrators were unemployed and were motivated by changes in psychology. (Assad Nizami Tariq Ha ssan 2014).Furthermore, Pakistan is listed in one of the strongest developing countries struggling to improve the rate of literacy. It has always remained a big problem and a major cause of terrorism in Pakistan too. People are not enough educated, particularly in rural areas. They do not have eligible sense of right or wrong. Taylor and Francis 2014 also witnessed in their study that 7 out of 10 terrorist are from rural areas and are under privileged and stalking of illiteracy. Such people easily become a victim of anti-social ideas. They apply what they are taught without any remorse or guilt of the results. According to Jeff Vencatramen 2007, scientific psychology reveal that poverty and illiteracy produce suffering and frustration and this breads aggression against others that translate in terrorism.Moreover, injustice and inequality play the role of a catalyst while in the execution of the plans of the terrorists. Social injustice and sleaziness burden other instabilities and inequalities that ultimately lead violence. According to Jeff Vencatramen 2007, personality traits are not irrelevant to terrorism. Political oppression of inequality lead many negative personality traits in individual like impulsivity and obnoxious.Although terrorist do willingly these acts, they know their bond with family and relations are going to be over. This leads to anxiety, sample and many other problems. These problems grab their actual perception, awareness and judgment. According to Horgon 2008, Terrorists psyche view their own actions as rational and purposeful, driven in response to their own perception of social, religious, and other realities. They see their own selves as good and victims as bad. These are some main factors which are responsible for terrorism. There are many other factors which are responsible for terrorist activities. For instance, in tuberculosis the main cause is mycobacterium tuberculosis but there are many other factors which cause the disease . According to Jeff Victoroff 2006, Many of the individual terrorist across the Pakistan have mainly no more causes oppressed than religious and social like poverty, illiteracy and so on and it is claim that this construe to the psychological distress.Now this is the time to take a step out front and think how to eradicate this problem. Attempts are still way in Pakistan. Scenarios are going to be complex and may worsen the situations. In the very low level, we can give knowledge to the adolescents in school and colleges which are at high risk. According to Testas 2014, we should educate our young generation and teach them the consequences of terrorist activities. This education carry two aspects. First, to build the safe psyche of young generation so they can make the best decision for themselves and the minute of arc is to slim the illiteracy which ultimately bring the positive influence.At the state level our political leaders should take step ahead. They should eliminate inj ustice, poverty and other social instability to prevent population from these activities which are fetching lives from irreproachable families. According to Newman 2014, Our common goal to eradicate terrorist activities should be to reduce the poverty and promote social justice, to bring the marginalized into the mainstream of the psychological health, economy and society. With the parcel of political leaders, these acts can be eradicated at the community, national and international level. Definitely, we hope that our initiatives will make some positive changes in our country.ConclusionDefinitely, terrorists have some major psychological distress which push them further towards those terrorist activities. With the religious perspective, mind setting was seen in most of the Pakistani terrorists. There were social issues like poverty, injustice and many more which were highly common in Pakistani terrorist. These both major causes lead many psychological problems like aggression, anx iety and distress. Killing or delivering punishment on the grounds is not going to solve the issue but would promote such unwanted activities. State needs to review the impact of terrorism in the medieval decade and develop a policy to combat terrorism socially and psychologically. It is also a responsibility of a common man, towards humanity and our country, not to be ignorant. The ignorance may lead to a fine destruction of our society. Our young person will suffer. And when youth suffers, the future suffers.ReferencesBhatti,J.A., Mehmood,A., Shahid,M., Bhatti,S.A., Akhtar,U., Razzak,J.A. (2011). Epidemiological patterns of suicide terrorism in the civilian Pakistani population. International Journal of Injury Control and safety device Promotion, 8(3), 206-211. doi10.1080/17457300.2011.555558Newman,E. (2006). Exploring the ?Root Causes? of Terrorism. 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