Approaches to obesity: Behavioural measures

Approaches to fleshiness Behavioural measuresIssue for consideration Can obesity be controlled by behavioral measures?Content brief descriptionOne of the global concern that we argon facing right off is obesity, non only has it outgrowth, the prevalence rate has also doubled since 1980 (Anderson, Quinn Glanz et al., 2009). Behavioral theories suggest the increase in obesity is link with decrease physical practise and un healthy dietary behavior and in that locationby altering our behavior would help to decrease risk of obesity ( heather, 2004). However, despite enormous research and incumbrances, the prevalence grade be still on the climb. Thus, casting doubts on behavioral approaches. This paper sh every reflect on the issues on controlling obesity and practical implication in workplace setting. (99 words)Inter-relationship between theory, research and practice surmisal and researchIn the basis of behavioral approaches, it is assumed that there is two main reasons tha t results in obesity epidemic, firstly, there is an imbalance in postal code intake (excess) and energy output (inadequate). Secondly, these actions that contributed to the energy imbalance are learned behaviour (Jeffery et al., 2000). For example, we observe the purchase of fast food from others or advertisement, it increases our chances of buying it. If it was a learned behaviour then in order to decrease obesity rates, we should be able to acquire in the buff behaviour to make better decisions that promote our health and well- universe. It is also argued that when we engage in physical bodily function we are using our energy from food, however, the improvements in transportation and technological advancement has greatly reduce our aim of physical activity, accounting at least 30% of the worldwide population and half of the adults in get together States did not meet the recommended level of physical activity (CDC, 2007WHO, 2009). Studies have collected epidemiological data t hat compared activity levels and found two associated variables with increasing trend namely, car ownership, and time spend in television display with obesity (Prentice Jebb, 1995).Other than the drop in energy output, it can be seen that our energy intake has change magnitude world-shakingly together with obesity rates. Studies show that calorie intake of food increased from of 335 calories per day for females and 168 calories for males from 1971 to 2004 (Wright et al., 2004). Moreover, inside this time frame it was the bloom of economics for processed food accompanied by the increase put size and fast-food trends, which leads to excess calorie intake, resulting in rapid weight gain (Rolls, 2007). Thus, the extra calories input qualification be from food choices that consist of high energy density.PracticeAs of workplace environment, these research has helped in developing behavioural modification program in treating obesity. Reports show that companies that adopted obesity i nterventions have significant improvements for the employees, and also helped the employers in decreasing absenteeism rate, job stress experience, workplace injuries and increase in work productiveness in workers (Jensen, 2011 Mhurchu, Aston Jebb, 2010). These health outcomes has been revealed to be commonly experienced with obese workers (Bungum et al., 2003 Nishitani Sakakibara, 2005 Poston et al., 2011).These behavioural programs often includes the combination of self-monitoring measures such as monitoring dietary intake (e.g. diary), cues and encouragement for appropriate behaviour (e.g. extrinsic incentives) (Stuart Davis, 1972), group wreak and providing healthy meal options, as well as, equipping workers with nutritional knowledge. Moreover, employees who had adhere to the program has considerably increase their daily intake of fruits and vegetables, and reduce their fat intake from food, along with improvements in mental and physical health (Maes, Cauwenberghe Lippevel de, 2012 Hutchinson, 2011). Therefore, with a better health profile, it could help in issue of absenteeism, productivity and benefited two employers and employees. (486 words)Personal reflectionFor Behavioural theories could help in controlling ObesityThe Contribution of extensive researchFirstly, research on behavioural approaches could aid in implementation of interventions and modification of existed programs in the workplace environment. Perhaps, we could develop a modelling that identify the contributing factors of obesity in the workplace setting. Then, analysing the trend between the contributing factors and workers through canvass data and using statistical methods to samples different groups (e.g. normal weight, large(p) and obese employees). Next, we could design the program make sure to modify the contributing work system parameters (e.g. providing healthy food options) to create behavioural changes (e.g. request healthy meal) that could improve health conditions.Mo st employers and employees acknowledge the impact of obesitySecondly, studies have found that both employers and employees has consider weight management program at work settings to be appropriate and potent in controlling obesity (Gabel et al., 2009). These shows that employers dexterity be concern about the rising medical represent, expenses incurred due to the passing play of productivity and an increase in work injuries. Employers understand the impact of obesity that imply health cost towards employees and indirectly affecting the company as well, as such they are more willing to admit cooperate health benefits to reduce obesity. However, the employees must also have personal responsibility and discipline to realise the welfares provided. Thus, when both parties work together the chances of reducing obesity would be possible in workplace.Against Behavioural theories does not help in controlling ObesityObesity is genetically inheritedFirstly, in contrast to the behavioural theories, researchers have also investigate the genetic approaches towards obesity epidemic. Studies have explored the chances of inheriting obesity by looking at at samples of first-degree relatives, which indicated moderate association (0.20 to 0.30). In addition, they looked into samples of monozygotic twins, which results in a higher heritability rate (0.60 to 0.70), indicating that genetic science have contributed approximately 25% to 40% of the variance in BMI (Price, 2002). Furthermore, early research has also spy that the distribution of fat in body parts and individuals metabolic rate are also genetically predisposed (Levine, Eberhardt Jensen, 1999). This might support the notion that obesity could not be reduce.The decomposableness of contributing factors to obesitySecondly, with the vast variety of potential factors that could contribute to obesity, it would be challenging to target all factors. Workplace influencers include, high job demand, insufficient sleep, lack of physical activity, stress, low job control (Parhizi, Pasupathy Steege, 2012). Likewise, temporary hookup considering the workplace cause, there are additional domain such as individual difference, psychosocial factors and genetics factors that could receive further complexity to provide solution to reduce obesity rate. Additionally, there may be manifold association between factors creating the difficulties in providing optimal levels of treatment for each individual.Inconsistent interventions resultsThirdly, considering most of the research being done has a significant outcome improvement in health related issues (Hutchinson, 2012). Nonetheless, when evaluating the results of interventions that included progress of physical activity and nutritional programs in accordance to the obesity measures of BMI, fat percentage and body weight, there were inconclusive evidence of the faculty of reduction in these areas (Vuillemin, 2011).Similarly, such studies does not identify whi ch of the interventions are effective for specific types of employee population. For example, is there a need for two different programs for office-based workers and retail-based workers? Additionally, most of the programs does not measure its semipermanent effects on weight maintenance which could provide overestimation of the positive outcomes from intervention and employees might truly gained weight in the long run. Thus, the inconsistency and methodological flaws of these studies might have an impact on its efficacy level.ConclusionObesity is drawing massive attention and growing as a health puzzle that consisted undesirable consequences on individuals health measures such as heart diseases, diabetes and cancers. To add on, obesity also greatly influences our workplace productivity, absenteeism, work injuries and job stress. These not only have negative effects on individual level but also pressures the employers with rising healthcare cost and expenses incurred from obese emp loyees.As a result, vast majority of studies has examine the cause of obesity, in which, the most common approach was applying behavioural modification methods such as increasing physical activity and changing dietary intake. Yet, with great driving being place in weight management programs, obesity rate is still up-trending. This provides doubts and challenge to ceremonious methods in combating obesity. Such that, explanation of genetics, complexity of the contributing factors, flaws and inconsistent results of interventions from studies have come to doubt the military posture of these methods. Final WordOverall, obesity is a health problem that has variety of contribution factors that are complex and there is no definite model or program that cater to majority of the obese community. Nevertheless, it might be possible to be able to start from the workplace setting of individual and creating little changes that hopefully decrease obesity rate overtime. (818 words)ReferencesAnder son LM, Quinn TA, Glanz K et al. (2009). The effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions for controlling employee overweight and obesity a regular review. Am J Prev Med. 37340.C357.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). Prevalence of unremitting physical activity among adults. United States. 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